The world of firearms is full of fascinating components, and among the most intriguing is the 80% lower receiver. These unfinished parts of a firearm are popular among gun enthusiasts and those interested in creating their own custom guns. If you’re considering building your own firearm, understanding 80% lowers is crucial. This guide will take you through what they are, why they’re so sought after, and how you can legally and safely finish one.
What is an 80% Lower?
In simple terms, an 80% lower is an unfinished lower receiver for a firearm. For guns like the AR-15, the lower receiver houses important components like the trigger assembly, magazine well, and other essential parts. An 80% lower, however, requires additional machining before it can fully function as part of a firearm.
These parts are legally classified as “not firearms” because they are incomplete. While they resemble a finished receiver, they are not ready to be assembled into a working gun. As such, they can be sold without requiring a Federal Firearms License (FFL). It’s only after the necessary work is done—drilling holes, cutting sections, and adding finishing touches—that it becomes a functional firearm.
Why Do Gun Builders Choose 80% Lowers?
There are several reasons why 80% lowers have become so popular among firearm enthusiasts:
- Affordability: Purchasing a fully assembled lower receiver can be costly, but an 80% lower is usually much cheaper. For those with mechanical skills or the desire to learn, finishing a lower offers a budget-friendly way to build a high-quality firearm.
- Personalization: When you finish an 80% lower, you gain the ability to customize your firearm to fit your exact needs. From trigger choices to stock modifications, you can tailor every detail to suit your preferences.
- Privacy and Autonomy: One of the most appealing aspects of building a firearm from an 80% lower is the level of privacy it provides. Since these unfinished parts are not legally classified as firearms, there’s no background check or registration process required. This means that you can build a custom gun in your own home without government interference.
- Satisfaction of Craftsmanship: For many, completing an 80% lower is a fulfilling and rewarding project. Whether you’re using a manual approach with tools or opting for more advanced machinery like CNC machines, building your own lower is a way to gain deeper knowledge about how firearms operate.
Legal Considerations for 80% Lowers
While 80% lowers are not classified as firearms under federal law, this doesn’t mean that their use is entirely free of legal concerns. The rules governing the purchase, possession, and completion of an 80% lower are subject to state and local laws. Here’s what you need to know:
- Completion of the Lower: Once you finish machining the 80% lower, it transforms into a functional firearm. At this point, it’s legally considered a gun, and the same regulations that apply to other firearms will apply to it, including the requirement for a serial number in most cases.
- State-Specific Laws: Laws regarding the purchase and completion of 80% lowers can vary from state to state. States like California and New York impose stricter regulations on unfinished lowers, so it’s crucial to check your local laws before proceeding.
- Background Checks: When you purchase an 80% lower, you don’t have to undergo a background check because it isn’t considered a firearm. However, after completing the lower, if you decide to sell it, you must follow all legal procedures, including conducting a background check if required.
Completing an 80% Lower: The Process
Turning an 80% lower into a fully functional firearm requires some technical expertise and the right tools. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced gunsmith, here’s an overview of the process:
- Tools and Equipment: The tools required to finish an 80% lower vary depending on the method you choose. Some people use basic hand tools such as drills, jigs, and milling machines, while others invest in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines for a more precise, automated approach.
- Manual Machining: If you have the right tools and some experience, you can complete the lower by hand. Using a drill press, router, or other cutting equipment, you’ll need to carefully follow the specifications to ensure everything fits correctly. This method requires patience and attention to detail.
- CNC Machines: For a quicker and more precise finish, many people turn to CNC machines. These automated devices cut the receiver according to pre-programmed instructions, ensuring that the job is done accurately and efficiently. While CNC machines can be expensive, they are invaluable for those who want to get the job done fast and with perfect precision.
- Using a Jig: Many first-time builders opt for a jig kit, which is a guide designed to help you complete the lower receiver safely and accurately. Jigs make the process simpler by providing clear instructions and positioning, ensuring you don’t make any costly mistakes during machining.
Final Thoughts
Building your own firearm from an 80% lower can be an incredibly rewarding experience, whether you’re interested in the craftsmanship, the cost savings, or the customization options. However, it’s important to approach the process with caution and ensure that you fully understand the legal requirements. Keep in mind that the laws surrounding 80% lowers can vary by state, so always check your local regulations before proceeding.
If you’re ready to start building, there are plenty of resources available to help you through every step of the process. For more information on 80% lowers and the necessary tools to complete them, visit 80-Lower.com.
Whether you’re a seasoned gun builder or a newcomer looking to dive into the world of DIY firearms, finishing an 80% lower can be an exciting and fulfilling project.
